Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common type of heart disease that occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attack, or other serious complications. CAD is typically caused by a build-up of plaque in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Risk factors for CAD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Research in the field of CAD focuses on understanding the underlying causes of the disease, developing new diagnostic tools and treatment options, and exploring ways to prevent or manage the condition. This research is vital in improving the outcomes and quality of life for individuals with CAD.